Constructions with verbal tense

Verb in this language are conjugable by thre synthetic tenses; Past, Present and Future. They also have remoteness as periphrastic constructions.

Present

Bótso sýnam-na ja.
[wolf forest-ACC-to MASC-go]
[bót͡so sɯ́nam na ɟa]
The wolf is going to the forest.

Ta bótso ichiíng.
[that wolf FEM-become.red-PASS]
[ta bót͡so icʰíːŋ]
That she-wolf is red.

Ta dundará lúgadl.
[that warrior MASC-die-PASS.CAUS]
[ta dundará lúgad͡ɮ]
That warrior is killed.

Ia dundará dzalá idú.
[this.here warrior woman FEM-be]
[ja dundará d͡zalá idú]
This warrior is a woman.

Iaḥ cónkhiḥ-khaa tsítse dú.
[this.here-LOC girl-LOC-near cat FEM-be]
[jax cóŋkʰix kʰaa t͡sít͡se]
This girl has a cat.

Past tense

Without remoteness distinction

Bótso sýnam-na jan.
[wolf forest-ACC-to MASC-go-PST]
[bót͡so sɯ́nam na ɟan]
The wolf went to the forest. (IMPERF)

Bótso sýnam-na janat.
[wolf forest-ACC-to MASC-go-PST-PERF]
[bót͡so sɯ́nam na ɟanat]
The wolf went to the forest. (PERF)

Ha bótso ichiíngan.
[yonder wolf FEM-become.red-PASS-PST]
[ha bót͡so icʰíːŋan]
That she-wolf was red.

Ia dundará dzála idún.
[this.here warrior woman FEM-be-PST]
[ja dundará d͡zála idún]
This warrior was a woman.

Iaḥ cónkhiḥ-khaa tsítse idún.
[thi.here-LOC girl-LOC-near cat FEM-be-PST]
[jax cóŋkʰix kʰaː t͡sít͡se idún]
This girl had a cat.

Past proper construction

Naleénaḥ, bótso sýnam-na jan.
[no.long-LOC wolf forest-ACC-to MASC-go-PST]
[naléːnax bót͡so sɯ́nam na ɟan]
Recently, the wolf went to the forest.

Naleénaḥ, med caánam-na jan.
[no.long-LOC 1.PL house-ACC-to MASC-go-PST]
[naléːnax med cáːnam na ɟan]
Recently, we went home. (IMPERF)

Naleénaḥ, med caánam-na janat.
[no.long-LOC 1.PL house-ACC-to MASC-go-PST-PERF]
[naléːnax med cáːnam na ɟanat]
Recently, we went home. (PERF)

Past remote construction

Leénaḥ, bótso sýnam-na jan.
[long-LOC wolf forest-ACC-to MASC-go-PST]
[léːnax bót͡so sɯ́nam na ɟan]
A long time ago, the wolf went to the forest. (IMPERF)

Leénaḥ, bótso sýnam-na janat.
[long-LOC wolf forest-ACC-to MASC-go-PST-PERF]
[léːnax bót͡so sɯ́nam na ɟanat]
A long time ago, the wolf went to the forest. (PERF)

Leénaḥ, dẓaáiag naánga se dúnaṣ.
[long-LOC MASC-become.good-PASS king REFL.PRON MASC-be-PRFC]
[léːnax d͡ʒáːjag náːŋa se dúnas]
A good king had been a long time ago.

Future tense

Without remoteness distinction

Médra naánga iam baaghúmam iółas.
[1.PL-POSS king this.here-ACC city-ACC MASC-have-CAUS-FUT]
[médra náːŋa jam baːɰúmam jóɬas]
Our king will conquer this city.

Ia baaghúm médrar nángar iódlasat.
[this.here city 1.PL-DAT king-DAT MASC-have-PASS.CAUS-FUT-PERF]
[ja baɰúm médrar náŋar jód͡ɮasat]
This city will be captured by our king.

Ia cónkhiḥ-khaa tsítse idús.
[this.here girl-LOC-near cat FEM-be-FUT]
[ja cóŋkʰix kʰaː t͡sít͡se idús]
This girl will have a cat.

Dundaraáb bótsaabam kýstasat.
[big.warrior big.wolf-ACC MASC-shoot-FUT-PERF]
[dundaráːb bót͡saːbam kɯ́stasat]
The great warrior will shoot a big wolf.

Future proper construction

Pághaḥia, naánga seélol jákhaasat.
[time-LOC-this.here king army-COM MASC-go-near-FUT-PERF]
[páɰaxja náːŋa séːlol ɟákʰaːsat]
Soon, the king will come with the army.

Pághaḥia, tłághi tłhádas.
[time-LOC-this.here rain MASC-fall-FUT]
[páɰaxja t͡ɬáɰi t͡ɬʰádas]
Soon the rain will be raining.

Future remote construction

Leéntaam, médrad bychád naángam bacóltahasat.
[long-away 1.PL-POSS-PL child-PL king-ACC MASC.PL-end.after-FUT-PERF]
[léːntaːm médrad bɯcʰád náŋam bacóltahasat]
For too long our children will defeat the king.

Leéntaam, iam baaghúmam na dus.
[long-away this.here-ACC city-ACC no MASC-be-FUT]
[léːntaːm jam baːɰúmas na dus]
It will not be this city in a long time.