czwartek, 4 kwietnia 2019

Postpositions in verbal derivation

Some verbal roots have extensions in the form of pronouns added to the back of the root.
  • so 'in':
    • múiruh 'to become free' → múirusoh 'to release';
    • tiísdah 'to believe, to trust' → tiísdasoh 'to entrust';
    • jah 'to go, to walk' → jásoh 'to enter';
    • tṣháidah 'to give birth' → tṣháidasoh 'to become innate';
    • gúdah 'to give' → gútsoh 'to imitate';
    • tṣéleh 'to shine, to bright' → tṣelesoh 'to enlighten, to brighten';
    • tiísdah 'to believe, to trust' → tiísdasoh 'to convince';
    • iuútah 'to keep' → iuútsoh 'to hold';
  • ḥa 'on':
    • dzókhah 'to beat' → dzóḥḥah {dzóḥḥa-} 'to tamp';
    • jah 'to go' → jáḥah {jáḥa-} 'to overlap, to come across';
    • lásah 'to want (and action is not achieved)' → lásḥah 'to persuade';
    • kaállah 'to bite' → kaállaḥah 'to bite in';
    • kýnah 'to pour' → kýnḥah 'to pour in';
    • ḥedláh 'to break' → ḥedláḥah 'to break partially';
    • iuútah 'to keep' → iuúthah 'to get' ({iuútha-}iuút-ḥa-); 
    • uaárah 'to want' → uaártahah 'to permit, to let';
  • ḥaso 'above':
    • nédaah 'to fly' → nédaaḥasoh 'to come flying';
  • ni 'below, down':
    • jah 'to go' → jánih 'to approach, to outwit';
    • kaállah 'to bite' → kaállanih 'to gnaw';
    • iuútah 'to keep' → iuútnih 'to support, to maintain';
  • niso - 'under':
    • khúḥah 'to dig' → khúḥnisoh 'to undermine';
    • gácah 'to take' → gácnisoh 'to filch';
    • raájah 'to rule' → raájnisoh 'to represent a higher power';
  • tah - 'after':
    • médzah 'to might' → métstahah 'to overcome';
    • dúh 'to be' → dútahah 'to inhabit';
    • tłhátṣah 'to change' → tłhátṣtah 'to exchange';
    • cóliah 'to end, to finnish' → cóltahah 'to defeat';
  • paat 'before':
    • jah 'to go' → jápaatah 'to pass before someone';
  • khaa 'near':
    • saátah 'to learn' → saátkhaah 'to accustom';
    • jah 'to go' → jákhaah 'to come';
    • gúdah 'to give' → gúkkhah 'to increase';
  • taam 'away (motion from)':
    • gúdah 'to give' → gúttaamah 'to forgive';
    • jah 'to go' → játaamah 'to leave, to go out';
    • bóḥah 'to speak' → bóḥtaamah 'to refuse, to deny';
    • tálteh 'to fight' → táltetaamah 'to secure by force';
    • dúh 'to be' → dútaamah 'to undergo';
    • ióḥah 'to look' → ióḥtaamah 'to look out'
    • goh 'to do' → gótaamah 'to work out, to undo';
    • sétah 'to stand' → séttaamah 'to stand out';
    • saáhah 'to breath' → saáhtaamah 'to breathe, to respire';
    • ioh 'to have' → iótaamah 'to lose';
    • lúgah 'to die' → lúktah 'to die out, to become extinct';
    • lísgih 'to return, to come back' → lísgtaamah 'to reverse, to invert;
    • gácah 'to take' → gáctaamah 'to collect';
  • patu 'in front of':
    • jah 'to go' → jápatuh 'to precede';
  • che 'behind':
    • katłáh 'to clap' → katłácheh 'to make vaulting';
    • jah 'to go' → jacheh 'to surprise';
  • na 'to':
    • jah 'to go' → jánah 'to reach, to claim';
    • nólah 'to sew' → nólnah 'to seam';
    • gúdah 'to give' → gúnnah 'to add';
  • tṣa 'from':
    • iółah 'to gain' → iótłah 'to regain';
    • keétah 'to cut' → keétṣtṣah 'to cut away';
    • gúdah 'to give' → gútṣtṣah 'to give back, to emit';
  • lii 'for':
    • gúdah 'to give' → gúdliih 'to spend, to issue';
    • jah 'to go' → jáliih 'to go for something';
  • ṣem 'through':
    • saládah 'to live' → salátṣemah 'to survive' (← *salád-ṣem-);
    • sétah 'to stand' → sétṣemah 'to consort, to keep company';
    • sýdzah 'to sit' → sýtṣtṣemah 'to sit out, to do time';
    • jah 'to go' → jáṣemah 'to pass';
    • dúh 'to be' → dúṣemah 'to travel';
    • iuútah 'to keep' → iuútṣemah 'to outslay';
    • goh 'to do' → góṣemah 'to redo, to rewrite, to make over';

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